儿童慢性咳嗽 12 种常见分型 · 对照参考

这些卡片帮助你把观察到的现象与文献中描述的常见模式做「相符 / 不相符」对照,带去和医生讨论。它们不是诊断。
These cards help you compare observations against patterns described in the literature — to discuss with your doctor. They are not a diagnosis. 本工具面向学龄儿童(本家庭为 10 岁)场景整理。

上气道咳嗽综合征 / 鼻后滴漏 Upper Airway Cough Syndrome / Postnasal Drip

已核对 2026-06-12

清嗓子样、干咳、早晚明显、常伴鼻塞或鼻涕倒流

Throat-clearing dry cough, worse morning/evening, with nasal congestion or postnasal drip

过敏性鼻炎 / 花粉诱发 Allergic Rhinitis / Pollen-triggered

已核对 2026-06-12

鼻痒眼痒、打喷嚏、流清涕、季节性(春暖花开)加重,可诱发咳嗽

Itchy nose/eyes, sneezing, clear rhinorrhea, seasonal (spring) worsening, can trigger cough

咳嗽变异性哮喘 Cough-Variant Asthma

已核对 2026-06-12

夜间、运动后、冷空气、病毒后加重;可无明显喘鸣

Worse at night, after exercise, in cold air, post-viral; may lack audible wheeze

感染后咳嗽 / 气道高反应 Post-infectious Cough / Airway Hyperreactivity

已核对 2026-06-12

感冒后持续数周的干咳或刺激性咳,逐渐减轻

Dry/irritant cough persisting weeks after a cold, gradually improving

胃食管 / 咽喉反流 Gastroesophageal / Laryngopharyngeal Reflux

已核对 2026-06-12

饭后、躺下、晨起加重,咽部异物感或酸水

Worse after meals, lying down, on waking; throat globus or acid

习惯性 / 抽动样咳嗽 Habit / Tic-like Cough

已核对 2026-06-12

清醒时高频规律(如数秒一次),专注或入睡后明显减少或消失

High-frequency regular cough while awake (e.g. every few seconds), markedly reduced when focused or asleep

迁延性细菌性支气管炎 PBB Protracted Bacterial Bronchitis

已核对 2026-06-12

湿咳、痰多、持续超过 4 周

Wet cough with sputum, lasting over 4 weeks

病毒性细支气管炎 / 反复病毒诱发 Viral Bronchiolitis / Recurrent Viral-induced

已核对 2026-06-12

婴幼儿喘息样、季节性、随病毒感染反复

Wheezy in infants/toddlers, seasonal, recurs with viral infections

环境 / 刺激物诱发 Environmental / Irritant-triggered

已核对 2026-06-12

干燥空气、二手烟、PM2.5、新装修 VOC 接触后刺激性咳

Irritant cough after dry air, secondhand smoke, PM2.5, new-renovation VOCs

尘螨 / 室内过敏原 Dust Mite / Indoor Allergen

已核对 2026-06-12

夜咳重、卧室相关;换环境睡后减轻

Worse night cough, bedroom-related; improves when sleeping elsewhere

哮喘控制不佳 / 吸入技术问题 Poorly-controlled Asthma / Inhaler Technique Issue

已核对 2026-06-12

控制药用数月仍无改善,可能与未配 spacer、依从性或诊断需重评有关

Controller used for months without improvement; may relate to missing spacer, adherence, or need for re-evaluation

需立即就医的红旗(安全节点·非诊断) Red Flags Requiring Immediate Care (safety node, non-diagnostic)

已核对 2026-06-12

呼吸困难、嘴唇/指甲发青、肋间凹陷、说话只能蹦单词、急救药无效、咳血、持续高烧伴精神差

Difficulty breathing, blue lips/nails, intercostal retractions, single-word speech, rescue inhaler not working, hemoptysis, persistent high fever with lethargy